AscalonCrusader-Muslim Wars

Egypt

Crusaders

31.7°N, 34.6°E· Israel

Land

EgyptiansCrusader-MuslimJerusalemGazaTurksKhwarezmian

ParmaImperial Papal War

Parma

Holy Roman Empire

44.8°N, 10.3°E· Italy

Land

2

ItalianMilanParma