FossaltaPapal-Imperial Wars

Guelfs, Bologna

Ghibelines, Holy Roman Empire

45.0°N, 10.3°E· Italy

Land

ItalyBolognaFlorence

SevilleEarly Christian Reconquest of Spain

Castile

Granada

37.4°N, -6.0°E· Spain

Land

ArabSpainChristianSevilleFerdinand