CalicutEarly Portuguese Colonial Wars in Asia

Portugal

Calicut, Muslims

11.3°N, 75.8°E· India

Land

Sea

Massacre

ArabMuslimsPortugueseIndiaIndians

HemmingstedtWars of the Kalmar Union

Holstein farmers

Denmark, North German nobles, German mercenaries

54.1°N, 9.1°E· Germany

Land

North GermanHolstein

JabaniPersian-Turcoman Wars

Ardabil

Azerbaijan

40.6°N, 48.6°E· Azerbaijan

Land

IranPersianAzerbaijanShah Farrukh Yasar

Novara1st Italian War of Independence

Austria

Piedmont, Polish Volunteers

45.4°N, 8.6°E· Italy

Land

AustriaItalianSardiniaMortara

Vedrosha1st Muscovite-Lithuanian War

Moscow

Lithuania

54.9°N, 33.3°E· Russia

Land

RussiaLithuaniaMoscowLithuanian