AmbonDutch-Portuguese Colonial Wars

Netherlands

Portugal

-3.6°N, 128.1°E· Indonesia

Land

Sea

DutchBritishPortugueseHollandIndonesia

DobrynitchiRussian Time of Troubles

Pretender Dmitri

Tsarists

53.2°N, 34.2°E· Russia

Land

2Massacre

RussianPolishUkraineTsarist

EsztergomTurkish-Habsburg Wars

Ottoman Empire, Transylvannia

Habsburg Empire

47.8°N, 18.7°E· Hungary

Land

TurkishHungaryTransyl-Habsburgs

Kirkholm1st Polish Swedish War

Poland

Sweden

56.8°N, 24.3°E· Denmark

Land

2

RigaSwedishPolishSwedesLivoniaKirkholm

MulheimNetherlands War of Independence

Spain

Netherlands

51.4°N, 6.9°E· Germany

Land

SufiyanTurko-Persian Wars

Persia

Ottoman Empire

38.3°N, 46.0°E· Iran

Land

3

TurkishTurkoPersia