CairoMamluk Wars

Ottoman Empire

Mamlukes

30.0°N, 31.2°E· Egypt

Land

EgyptCairoSyriaArabiaDamascusMeccaJeddah

CracowPolish Rebellion

Russia

France, Polish Rebels

50.1°N, 19.9°E· Poland

Land

FrenchRussianPolishPolish Nationalists

JaffaMamluk-Ottoman Wars

Mamluks, Russia

Ottoman Empire

32.0°N, 34.8°E· Israel

Land