MeccaMuslim Civil Wars

Umayyad Caliphate

Abdullah ibn Zubair

21.4°N, 39.9°E· Saudi Arabia

Land

MuslimDamascusMeccaArabianHajjaj

SebastopolisEarly Byzantine-Muslim Wars

Ummayyad Caliphate

Byzantium

40.0°N, 36.1°E· Turkey

Land

MuslimArmeniaSebastopolis